The Australian flag
The Australian flag has three main elements: the Union Jack, the Commonwealth Star, and the Southern Cross.
The Union Jack represents Australia’s British heritage, while the Commonwealth Star represents the states and territories.
The Australian coat of arms
The coat of arms is the official symbol of the Australian government. It features a kangaroo and an emu, two animals that represent progress.
The shield in the centre represents the six states of Australia.
The national anthem
Australia’s national anthem is “Advance Australia Fair”. It expresses pride in Australia, unity and freedom.
Australia Day
Australia Day is celebrated on 26 January. It marks the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788.
The day is a time for celebrations, citizenship ceremonies and reflection on Australia’s history.
ANZAC Day
ANZAC Day is commemorated on 25 April. It honours Australians and New Zealanders who served and died in wars, conflicts and peacekeeping missions.
Dawn services and marches are common traditions on this day.
National traditions
Australians value traditions such as volunteering, helping others in times of crisis, and community participation.
Sport also plays an important role in Australian culture and national identity.
What you must know for the test
- the main elements of the Australian flag
- what the coat of arms represents
- the name of the national anthem
- the dates and meaning of Australia Day and ANZAC Day
- key Australian traditions and values