The first Australians
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the first inhabitants of Australia. Their history on the continent stretches back more than 60,000 years.
They lived across the land and surrounding islands, developing diverse societies adapted to different environments.
Two distinct groups
Aboriginal peoples traditionally lived on the Australian mainland and Tasmania, while Torres Strait Islander peoples come from the islands between Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Both groups have distinct cultures, languages and traditions.
Connection to land and sea
Indigenous cultures are deeply connected to land and sea. Land is central to spiritual beliefs, identity and law.
Knowledge is passed down through stories, ceremonies, art and song, often referred to as the Dreaming.
Impact of British settlement
British settlement from 1788 had a devastating impact on Indigenous peoples. Many lost their land, lives and traditional ways of living.
Despite this, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have maintained their cultures and continue to contribute to Australian society.
Recognition and respect
Today, there is growing recognition of the importance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures.
Respecting Indigenous Australians is an important part of Australian values and national identity.
What you must know for the test
- that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were the first inhabitants
- their long connection to land and sea
- that they have diverse cultures and languages
- the impact of British settlement
- the importance of respect and recognition today